Part 7 - References

Glossary

Term	Definition
Approach	Contact with the office about a matter. An approach may be about a matter outside our jurisdiction.
Authorised internal recipient	A person who is authorised to disclose material. In certain cases, also an authorised officer of the Commonwealth Ombudsman and the Inspector General of Intelligence and Security.
Authorised officer	An officer appointed by the principal officer of an agency to receive and allocate PIDs.
Category	Approaches to the office are divided into five categories—see below.
Category 1—Initial approach (approach)	An approach made by phone or in person that can be resolved simply, including by referral to a more appropriate agency. Also where the office used its discretion not to investigate.
Category 2—Further assessment (approach)	An approach which calls for further assessment. This might include internal enquiries/research or obtaining more information from the complainant, but where the office applied its discretion not to investigate.
Category 3—Investigation (complaint)	An approach investigated and resolved after a single contact with the agency.
Category 4—Further investigation (complaint)	An approach that was resolved after two or more substantive contacts with the agency.
Category 5—Formal reports (complaint)	An approach where formal powers have been exercised and/or a s 15 report issued.
Closed approach	An approach that has been finalised.
Community detention	A form of immigration detention that enables people in detention to reside and move about freely in the community without having to be accompanied or restrained by an officer under the Migration Act 1958.
Compensation for Detriment caused by Defective Administration (CDDA)	A scheme that allows Australian Government agencies under the Public Governance, Performance and Accountability Act 2013 to provide discretionary compensation to people who have experienced detriment as a result of an agency's defective actions or inaction.
Compliance auditing	The action of inspecting the records of law enforcement agencies to determine compliance with relevant legislation.
Complaint	An approach to the Ombudsman that expresses dissatisfaction about government administrative action, and where a response or resolution is expected. It does not include an approach that merely seeks information.
Controlled operation	A covert operation carried out by law enforcement officers under the Crimes Act 1914 (Cth) for the purpose of obtaining evidence that may lead to a prosecution of a person for a serious offence. The operation may involve law enforcement officers engaging in conduct that would otherwise constitute an offence.
Cross-agency issue	A complaint or investigation that involves more than one agency, for example where the policy of one agency administered by another; or if an issue is common to a number of agencies.
Decision to investigate	The Ombudsman may investigate the administrative actions of most Australian Government departments and agencies, and private contractors delivering government services. The Ombudsman can decide to not investigate complaints that are 'stale' or frivolous; where the complainant has not first sought redress from the agency; where some other form of review or appeal is more appropriate or where he considers that an investigation would not be warranted in all the circumstances.
Established complaint	The Australian Federal Police (AFP) considers a complaint has been 'established' if an AFP investigation concludes in favour of the complaint or against the AFP member.
Finalised complaint	A complaint that has been resolved or in which investigation has ceased.
Formal powers	The formal powers of the Ombudsman are similar to those of a Royal Commission. They include the ability to compel an agency to produce documents and to examine witnesses under oath.
Garnishee	Some government agencies such as the Department of Human Services (Child Support) have the power to seize money from a third party (such as a bank) to pay a debt. To seize this money is to 'garnishee' it.
Garnishee notice	A written advice to a debtor and a third party, such as a financial institution or employer, that a person or business will be garnisheed.
General treatment policy	Private health insurance that covers non-hospital medical services that are not covered by Medicare, such as dental, physiotherapy, and ambulance services. Also known as 'extras' or 'ancillary' cover.
Hospital policy	Private health insurance that covers costs incurred by a private patient in hospital.
Hospital exclusions and restrictions	An exclusion is a treatment or service which is not covered by a hospital insurance policy. A restriction is a treatment or service which is covered to a limited extent, such as covering the cost of admission as a private patient in a shared room in a public hospital; rather than the cost of a private room.
Informed Financial Consent (IFC)	The provision of information to patients, including notification of likely out-of-pocket expenses (gap fees) by all relevant service providers, preferably in writing, prior to admission to hospital.
Inspection (immigration)	Inspection of immigration detention facilities and other places of detention to monitor the conditions of, and services provided to, detainees and to assess whether those services are compatible with good public administration and operational effectiveness. This includes assessments of the services provided to Regional Processing Centres by the Australian Border Force.
Inspection (other)	The Ombudsman has statutory responsibility for inspecting or auditing the records of law enforcement and other enforcement agencies in relation to the use of covert powers. The office inspects records relating to telecommunications interceptions, stored communications, surveillance devices and controlled operations.
Investigated complaint	An approach that is classified by the office as Category 3 or above.
Investigation	Occurs when the office contacts an agency about an issue raised by a complainant, or because the Ombudsman has chosen to use her/his own motion powers.
Improvised dwelling	Makeshift accommodation considered to be unsafe and unsuitable for living in. These can range from tin sheds to car bodies and makeshift shelters.
Income management	A scheme that enables the Department of Human Services (Centrelink) to retain and manage at least 50 per cent of a person's income support payments. The managed funds can only be allocated to priority goods and services, such as housing, clothing, food, utilities, education and health care. Managed funds cannot be used to purchase alcohol, gambling products, tobacco or pornography.
Independent Merits Review	These are conducted by reviewers appointed by the Minister for Immigration. They are experienced decision-makers, most of whom have a background in merits review decision-making in federal and state administrative tribunals, such as Administrative Appeals Tribunal.
Integrity agency	An independent body that oversees the actions of public sector and/or other specified organisations to ensure that they are accountable for their decisions and that their clients are treated fairly. Integrity agencies may carry out their functions by investigating complaints, conducting investigations, auditing records or reviewing processes.
Jurisdiction	Under the Ombudsman Act 1976, the Commonwealth Ombudsman may investigate the administrative actions of most Australian Government agencies and offices; Australia Post and registered private postal operators; private registered education providers in relation to overseas students; and private health funds or health care providers in relation to private health insurance. The Commonwealth Ombudsman also undertakes the role of the ACT Ombudsman in accordance with s 28 of the ACT Self-Government (Consequential Provisions) Act 1988 (Cth).
Lifetime Health Cover (LHC)	A government initiative that determines how much consumers pay for private hospital insurance, based primarily on their age. The Lifetime Health Cover rules are contained in the Private Health Insurance Act 2007 (Cth).
Medical gap	The amount a private patient pays personally for medical treatment in hospital, over and above what is received from Medicare or a private health insurer. Health insurers may have gap cover arrangements with service providers to insure against some or all of these additional payments.
Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS)	A listing of the Medicare services subsidised by the Australian Government. It includes a schedule of fees.
Medicare Levy Surcharge	An income tax levy that applies to Australian taxpayers who earn above a certain income threshold and who do not hold appropriate private hospital insurance.
Natural justice	In administrative decision-making, natural justice means procedural fairness. This includes the right to a fair hearing; that decisions are made without undue bias; providing an opportunity for a person to present a case addressing any adverse matters; and providing reasons for decisions.
Non-refoulement	The principle that people seeking asylum may not be returned to a place where they fear harm, including persecution.
Outcomes	The results, consequences or impacts of government actions.
Outcome statements	These articulate government objectives and serve three main purposes within the financial framework, to: explain why annual appropriations are approved by the Parliament for use by agencies provide a basis for budgeting and reporting against the use of appropriated funds measure and assess the non-financial performance of agencies and programs in contributing to government policy objectives.
Out of jurisdiction (OOJ)	A matter about which the office has no legal power under the Ombudsman Act 1976 to investigate.
Overseas Student Health Cover (OSHC)	A type of health cover designed for overseas student visa holders which can be purchased from some Australian private health insurers.
Overseas Visitors Health Cover (OVHC)	A type of health cover designed for people without Medicare benefits or with only reciprocal (partial) Medicare benefits which can be purchased from some Australian private health insurers and some international insurers.
Own motion investigation	An investigation conducted on the Ombudsman's own initiative.
Principal officer	The head of an agency.
Private Health Insurance Rebate	The Australian Government provides an income tested rebate to help people meet the cost of private health insurance. The rebate is income-tested and varies depending on age group and family composition.
Program	Commonwealth programs deliver benefits, services or transfer payments to individuals, industry/business or the community as a whole and are the primary vehicles for government agencies to achieve the intended results of their outcome statements.
Public Interest Disclosure	Unless otherwise stated, this relates to an internal disclosure of wrongdoing, which has been reported by a public official to an authorised internal recipient.
Redress of Grievance (ROG)	Members of the Australian Defence Force are encouraged to seek resolution of any complaint at the lowest possible level in the chain of command. Members who are not satisfied with the outcome of the normal administrative processes may seek review through a formal Redress of Grievance submission to their commanding officer.
Remedy	A solution or correction to a problem that has been the subject of a complaint.
Review rights	People who disagree with a decision made about them or who believe they have been treated unfairly by a government agency may appeal against the decision or ask for it to be reviewed by the agency. If a person is not satisfied with this process, he or she may complain to the Ombudsman.
Review (Ombudsman)	A complainant who disagrees with a decision by the Ombudsman may request that the matter be reconsidered by an officer within the office who was not involved in the original investigation.
Root cause	The reason or source of a problem that, if adequately addressed, may prevent the problem recurring.
Root cause Analysis	A structured approach to identifying the reason or source of a problem in order to prevent it recurring.
Second Chance Transfer	These refer to complaints about Australia Post, and refer to relatively uncomplicated complaints which were not investigated but instead were referred back to Australia Post for reconsideration.
Stored communications	This typically refers to emails and text (SMS) messages, but may also include images or videos, that have been electronically stored by a telecommunications carrier or internet service provider. For instance, an SMS message is stored by a carrier and sent when the intended recipient is able to receive it. Stored communications access occurs under warrant for the purposes of obtaining information relevant to the investigation of an offence.
Surveillance devices	These are typically listening devices, cameras and tracking devices. The use of these devices will, in most circumstances, require the issue of a warrant.
Systemic issue	A problem that is likely to be repeated. These issues are often identified through the analysis of similar individual complaints.
Telecommunications interceptions	The recording of telephone conversations or other transmissions passing over a telecommunications network. Interceptions occur under warrant for the purposes of obtaining information relevant to a criminal investigation.
The office	The Office of the Commonwealth Ombudsman.
The Ombudsman	The person occupying the statutory position of Commonwealth Ombudsman.
Unlawful non-citizen	A national of another country who does not have the right to be in Australia. The majority of unlawful non-citizens in Australia at any given time have either overstayed their visa or had their visa cancelled. Some unlawful non-citizens will have entered Australia without a visa.
Waiting period	How long a person needs to be covered under a private health insurance policy before he or she is eligible for benefits. The maximum waiting periods for hospital policies are set down in the Private Health Insurance Act 2007 (Cth).
Warm transfer	An arrangement between the Ombudsman's office and the Department of Human Services (Centrelink) whereby the Ombudsman's office will forward the details of a complaint to Centrelink to enable for it to investigate it in the first instance. This arrangement is used most commonly in situations that are urgent or which seem simple, or where the office thinks there are good reasons why the complainant should not be required to make a direct complaint to the agency.
Within jurisdiction	An approach about a matter that the office may investigate under the Ombudsman Act 1976.
486O report	The Ombudsman has a specific statutory role under s 486O of the Migration Act 1958 to report to the Minister for Immigration and Border Protection concerning the circumstances of anyone who has been in immigration detention for two years or more.

List of figures and tables

Tables

• Table 1: How approaches were received by the office
• Table 2: Summary of office's Annual Performance results
• Table 3: Visits to immigration detention facilities during 2015–16
• Table 4: Complaints transferred to other complaint bodies
• Table 5: Complaints by registered private health insurer, by market share 2015–16
• Table 6: Complaint issues
• Table 7: Complaints about hospitals, doctors, brokers and others
• Table 8: Complaints received from overseas visitors in 2015–16
• Table 9: Client survey feedback results
• Table 10: Inspection and review activities in 2015–16
• Table 11: Kinds of disclosable conduct
• Table 12: Reasons for s 48 decisions
• Table 13: Number of disclosures received and kinds of disclosable conduct
• Table 14: Agencies that have reported not receiving PIDs
• Table 15: PID investigations completed and actions taken in response to recommendations
• Table 16: Country-specific engagement case studies in 2015–16
• Table 17: Workforce Profile as at 30 June 2016 and 30 June 2015
• Table 18: Remuneration by classification as at 30 June 2016
• Table 19: Expenditure on consultancy contracts 2013–14 to 2015–16

Figures

• Figure 1: Executive and Senior Management structure at 30 June 2016
• Figure 2: Complaint trends in DHS programs
• Figure 3: All approaches for Australia Post (Commonwealth and Postal Industry Ombudsman)
• Figure 4: Complaint Issues received by Postal Industry Ombudsman in 2015–16
• Figure 5: Remedies to complaints received by Postal Industry Ombudsman
• Figure 6: Number of reports received and tabled by Immigration Ombudsman
• Figure 7: Overseas Students Ombudsman complaints received by year
• Figure 8: How complaints were finalised by Overseas Students Ombudsman
• Figure 9: Total complaints by year received by Private Health Insurance Ombudsman
• Figure 10: Complaint issues, previous three years
• Figure 11: Private Health Insurance complaints by level
• Figure 12: Website visitors per year to PrivateHealth.gov.au
• Figure 13: Inspections of covert, intrusive or coercive powers
• Figure 14: Overview of the Public Interest Disclosure scheme
• Figure 15: Types of disclosers
• Figure 16: Findings of disclosable conduct
• Figure 17: Referrals to other investigative mechanisms
• Figure 18: 2015–16 Commonwealth Ombudsman's Asia-Pacific regional engagement

List of requirements

Below is the table set out in Schedule 2 of the PGPA Rule. Section 17AJ(d) requires this table to be included in the Commonwealth Ombudsman annual report as an aid of access.

Ref	Part of report	Description	Requirement	Page number(s) in this report
17AD(g) & 17AI		Letter of transmittal	Mandatory	5
17AD(h)	Aids to access
17AJ(a)		Table of contents	Mandatory	8–9
17AJ(b)		Alphabetical index	Mandatory	160–175
17AJ(c)		Glossary	Mandatory	146–151
17AJ(d)		List of requirements	Mandatory	154–159
17AJ(e)		Contact officer	Mandatory	7
17AJ(f)		Website address	Mandatory	7
17AJ(g)		Electronic address of report	Mandatory	7
17AD(a)	Review by the Ombudsman
17AD(a)		Review by the Ombudsman	Mandatory	11–13
17AD(b)	Commonwealth Ombudsman Overview
17AE(1)(a)(i)		Role and functions	Mandatory	16–18
17AE(1)(a)(ii)		Organisational structure	Mandatory	18
17AE(1)(a)(iii)		Outcomes and programme structure	Mandatory	21
17AE(1)(a)(iv)		A description of the purposes of the entity as included in corporate plan	Mandatory	21
17AE(1)(b)		Portfolio structure	Portfolio departments mandatory	Not applicable
17AE(2)		Where the outcomes and programs administered by the entity differ from any Portfolio Budget Statement, Portfolio Additional Estimates Statement or other portfolio estimates statement that was prepared for the entity for the period, include details of variation and reasons for change	If applicable, Mandatory	Nil to report
17AD(c)	Report on the Performance
	Annual performance Statements
17AD(c)(i); 16F		Annual performance statement in accordance with paragraph 39(1)(b) of the Act and section 16F of the Rule	Mandatory	25
17AD(c)(ii)	Report on Financial Performance
17AF(1)(a)		Discussion and analysis of the office's financial performance	Mandatory	32
17AF(1)(b)		Total resources and total payments	Mandatory	143
17AF(2)		Discussion of any significant changes in financial results from the prior year, from budget or anticipated to have a significant impact on future operations	If applicable, Mandatory	Nil to report
17AD(d)	Management and Accountability
	Corporate Governance
17AG(2)(a)		Information on compliance with section 10 (fraud systems)	Mandatory	5
17AG(2)(b)(i)		A certification by the Commonwealth Ombudsman that fraud risk assessments and fraud control plans have been prepared	Mandatory	5
17AG(2)(b)(ii)		A certification by the Commonwealth Ombudsman that appropriate mechanisms for preventing, detecting incidents of, investigating or otherwise dealing with, and recording or reporting fraud that meet the specific needs of the office are in place	Mandatory	5
17AG(2)(b)(iii)		A certification by the Commonwealth Ombudsman that all reasonable measures have been taken to deal appropriately with fraud relating to the office	Mandatory	5
17AG(2)(c)	Section 5	Structures and processes for the office to implement principles and objectives of corporate governance	Mandatory	98–100
17AG(2)(d) — (e)		A statement of significant issues reported to Minister under paragraph 19(1)(e) of the Act that relates to noncompliance with Finance law and action taken to remedy noncompliance	If applicable, Mandatory	105
	External Scrutiny
17AG(3)		Significant developments in external scrutiny	Mandatory	100
17AG(3)(a)		Judicial decisions and decisions of administrative tribunals and by the Australian Information Commissioner	If applicable, Mandatory	100
17AG(3)(b)		Reports by the AuditorGeneral (other than report under section 43 of the Act), a Parliamentary Committee, or the Commonwealth Ombudsman	If applicable, Mandatory	Not applicable
17AG(3)(c)		Capability reviews	If applicable, Mandatory	Nil to report
	Management of Human Resources
17AG(4)(a)		Assessment of effectiveness in managing and developing employees to achieve the office's objectives	Mandatory	101–102
17AG(4)(b)		Statistics on staffing	Mandatory	103
17AG(4)(c)		Information on enterprise agreements, individual flexibility arrangements, Australian workplace agreements, common law contracts and determinations under subsection 24(1) of the Public Service Act 1999	Mandatory	102
17AG(4)(c)(i)		SES and nonSES employees covered by agreements etc. identified in paragraph 17AG(4)(c)	Mandatory	102
17AG(4)(c)(ii)		Salary ranges by classification level	Mandatory	104
17AG(4)(c)(iii)		Nonsalary benefits provided to employees	Mandatory	102
17AG(4)(d)(i — iv)		Performance pay	If applicable, Mandatory	Nil to report
	Assets Management
17AG(5)		Assessment of effectiveness of assets management	If applicable, mandatory	105
	Purchasing
17AG(6)		Assessment of entity performance against the Commonwealth Procurement Rules	Mandatory	104
	Consultants
17AG(7)(a)		A summary statement detailing the number of new contracts engaging consultants entered into during the period; the total actual expenditure on all new consultancy contracts entered into during the period (inclusive of GST); the number of ongoing consultancy contracts that were entered into during a previous reporting period; and the total actual expenditure in the reporting year on the ongoing consultancy contracts (inclusive of GST)	Mandatory	104–105
17AG(7)(b)		Statement that "During [reporting period], [specified number] new consultancy contracts were entered into involving total actual expenditure of $[specified million]. In addition, [specified number] ongoing consultancy contracts were active during the period, involving total actual expenditure of $[specified million]."	Mandatory	104
17AG(7)(c)		Summary of the policies and procedures for selecting and engaging consultants	Mandatory	104
17AG(7)(d)		Statement that "Annual reports contain information about actual expenditure on contracts for consultancies. Information on the value of contracts and consultancies is available on the AusTender website."	Mandatory	105
	Australian National Audit Office Access Clauses
17AG(8)		Absence of provisions in contracts allowing access by the Auditor-General	If applicable, Mandatory	104
	Exempt contracts
17AG(9)		Contracts exempted from publication in AusTender	If applicable, Mandatory	105
	Small business
17AG(10)(a)		Statement that "[Name of entity] supports small business participation in the Commonwealth Government procurement market. Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) and Small Enterprise participation statistics are available on the Department of Finance's website."	Mandatory	104
17AG(10)(b)		Procurement initiatives to support small business	Mandatory	104
17AG(10)(c)		If the entity is considered by the Department administered by the Finance Minister as material in nature—a statement that "[Name of entity] recognises the importance of ensuring that small businesses are paid on time. The results of the Survey of Australian Government Payments to Small Business are available on the Treasury's website."	If applicable, Mandatory	Not applicable
	Financial Statements
17AD(e)		Annual financial statements in accordance with subsection 43(4) of the Act	Mandatory	108–138
17AD(f)	Other Mandatory Information
17AH(1)(a)(i)		If the entity conducted advertising campaigns, a statement that "During [reporting period], the [name of entity] conducted the following advertising campaigns: [name of advertising campaigns undertaken]. Further information on those advertising campaigns is available at [address of entity's website] and in the reports on Australian Government advertising prepared by the Department of Finance. Those reports are available on the Department of Finance's website."	If applicable, Mandatory	Not applicable
17AH(1)(a)(ii)		Advertising campaigns statement	If applicable, Mandatory	105
17AH(1)(b)		Statement that "Information on grants awarded by [name of entity] during [reporting period] is available at [address of entity's website]."	If applicable, Mandatory	Not applicable
17AH(1)(c)		Outline of mechanisms of disability reporting, including reference to website for further information	Mandatory	7, 103
17AH(1)(d)		Website reference to Information Publication Scheme statement pursuant to Part II of FOI Act	Mandatory	142
17AH(1)(e)		Correction of material errors in previous annual report	If applicable, mandatory	Not applicable
17AH(2)		Information required by other legislation	Mandatory	44, 71–91